Malta's strategic position in the Mediterranean made it a crucial target during World War II. The island endured more than 3,000 bombing raids between 1940 and 1942, becoming one of the most heavily bombed places in history.
The Siege of Malta (1940-1942)
When Italy entered the war in June 1940, Malta immediately came under attack. The island's location made it vital for controlling Mediterranean supply routes to North Africa. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, Malta's defenders held firm.
The George Cross
In April 1942, King George VI awarded the entire island population the George Cross, the highest civilian gallantry award, in recognition of their courage. Malta remains the only nation to hold this collective honor, which appears on the Maltese flag today.
Life Under Siege
Maltese civilians lived in caves and underground shelters. Food was rationed severely, and starvation was a real threat. The famous Operation Pedestal convoy in August 1942 brought desperately needed supplies, with only 5 of 14 merchant ships surviving.
Key WWII Sites to Visit
- National War Museum: Located in Fort St. Elmo, showcasing Malta's wartime history
- Lascaris War Rooms: Underground complex where operations were coordinated
- Malta at War Museum: Features original air raid shelters in Vittoriosa
- Ta' Qali Aviation Museum: Displays WWII aircraft including Spitfires
- Valletta Wartime Experience: Interactive museum recreating life during the siege
The Turning Point
Malta's resistance helped turn the tide in North Africa. By preventing Axis supply lines, the island contributed significantly to the Allied victory at El Alamein and the subsequent invasion of Sicily.
